Lewis Farming Co

Farming at Dululu for 100+ years

Archives for March 2017

Australia: Un Continente a la deriva | Documental Completo

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▶ TODOS NUESTROS DOCUMENTALES COMPLETOS AQUÍ: http://planetdoc.tv/lista-documentales-completos
“Australia. Un Continente a la deriva” documental completo en el cual descubrimos como los animales que poblaban esta zona del supercontinente Gondwana han ido evolucionando a medida que lo hacia el continente australiano a la deriva por el océano.

La historia de los habitantes de esta Terra Australis se remonta a los lejanos días en que todos los continentes del sur estaban unidos. Entonces el mundo era un lugar más cálido y húmedo donde gigantescos saurios dominaban una zoología en permanente evolución.
Los vestigios de aquella jungla universal aún se conservan en el nordeste australiano albergando a los herederos de los extintos dinosaurios.

Las aves son las más numerosas en este mundo verde y sofocante. Su capacidad de volar les evitó el aislamiento que Australia impuso a sus criaturas terrestres y las nuevas aves que surgieron de la competencia con las especies del resto del mundo llegaron hasta estas selvas jurásicas y se quedaron para siempre.

En aquellas lejanas selvas de hace cien millones de años vivían distintos tipos de mamíferos que apostaban su perpetuidad con diferentes formas de reproducirse.
Los monotremas, los más antiguos, eran mamíferos pero ponían huevos; los euterios parían hijos totalmente desarrollados y los marsupiales, a caballo entre los dos, concluían el desarrollo de sus crías en el exterior.

Las selvas sudamericanas son, como las de Australia, parte del escenario de la antigua Gondwana. Entonces monotremas, marsupiales y euterios coexistían en las selvas primigenias. Pero los últimos fueron poco a poco ganando terreno conforme sus nuevos prototipos evolutivos iban mejorando. Los nuevos placentados eran más inteligentes y desplazaron de la gran mayoría de sus hábitats a los monotremas y a los marsupiales. Pero la derrota no fue tan absoluta como se tiende a pensar. Porque las noches sudamericanas siguen escondiendo viejos fantasmas de Gondwana.

Cuando Australia se separó de la masa continental ningún mamífero euterio poblaba sus territorios. Y la isla gigante partió hacia el norte dejando a sus marsupiales y monotremas libres de competencia.

Era solo el principio de la gran aventura marsupial; un periodo de grandes cambios.
En su viaje hacia el norte Australia se iba calentando y sus selvas fueron perdiendo terreno. El clima de la isla cambiaba progresivamente. Las plantas tuvieron que adaptarse o morir. Cada cambio en el clima suponía un cambio en la vegetación y cada uno de éstos era seguido por un sinfín de adaptaciones por parte de los animales.

Y Australia seguía ganando norte en su lento viaje por el océano Indico. Cuanto más se acercaba al trópico de Capricornio más templado se volvía el clima. La vegetación se abrió en grandes praderas a lo largo de vastos territorios antaño ocupados por las selvas. Los pastos se adueñaron del paisaje y aparecieron nuevos colonos zoológicos, algunos de ellos parientes cercanos de aquellos que aún viven escondidos en las últimas junglas australianas.
Los árboles de la selva siempre fueron un lugar de refugio y expansión para los marsupiales. La apertura del follaje debido al calentamiento del clima supuso la colonización de praderas y herbazales.

El koala consiguió colonizar el bosque de eucaliptos a través de una adaptación que parecía imposible: alimentarse de sus hojas. Las hojas de los eucaliptos son un combinado de alimento de baja calidad, materia indigerible y venenos activos. El que consiguiera la improbable tarea de sacarle provecho a tales hojas no tendría competencia alguna. Y el koala lo consiguió.
El koala es un ejemplo de la increíble versatilidad adaptativa de los mamíferos marsupiales australianos.

El ornitorrinco es una de las tres especies de mamíferos monotremas que ponen huevos, vive en algunos ríos del este australiano. Los otros dos son equidnas: el de hocico largo de Nueva Guinea y éste, el equidna de hocico corto, hoy extendido por toda Australia. El ornitorrinco tiene hocico de pato, patas de nutria y cola de castor y es venenoso.

Australia sigue su lenta peregrinación hacia el norte a una velocidad de seis centímetros al año.
Hoy apenas un estrecho separa la fauna de dos continentes pero ¿qué sucederá cuando los animales de Asia y Oceanía entren plenamente en contacto? Grandes cambios se perfilan en el futuro incierto de este continente austral. Es fácil imaginar que la evolución de sus paisajes y animales sufrirá grandes cambios. Pero, probablemente, cuando nuevas criaturas especializadas se adapten a bosques o desiertos de condiciones extrañas haciendo desaparecer a muchos de los prototipos evolutivos que hoy dominan en Australia; en lo más profundo de su espesura, con su pacífica y arcaica forma de vida, seguirán existiendo equidnas y ornitorrincos. Y, como en la lejana Gondwana, también allí los mamíferos pondrán huevos.

Clouds -Cloud Types – Meteorology

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Clouds are formed in Earth’s atmosphere when water evaporates into vapor from oceans, lakes, ponds, and even streams and rivers; or by evapotranspiration over moist areas of Earth’s land surface. The vapor rises up into colder areas of the atmosphere due to convective, orographic, or frontal lifting. The water vapor attaches itself to condensation nuclei which could be anything from dust to microscopic particles of salt and debris. Once the vapor has been cooled to saturation, the cloud becomes visible. All weather-producing clouds form in the troposphere, the lowest major layer of the atmosphere. However very small amounts of water vapor can be found higher up in the stratosphere and mesosphere and may condense into very thin clouds if the air temperatures are sufficiently cold. One branch of meteorology is focused on the study of nephology or cloud physics.
more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cloud_types
The study of meteorology is important to a pilot as weather is an issue that affects not only aircraft performance but also flight safety. In this CD we will examine basic met theory enabling you to develop an understanding of the principles involved and how weather can affect your flying activities. A sound knowledge of the theories behind meteorology will help you, as a pilot, to make good decisions based on the forecasts and reports available.

Meteorology,cloud,clouds,cloud names,stratocumuliform,stratiform,PPL, learn to fly,weather,cloud formation,

Cloud Types : Meteorology

Australia’s internet speeds lag behind world, despite NBN

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Australia’s internet speeds lag behind world, despite NBN
Australia continues to fall behind most of the developed world when it comes to home broadband internet speeds.
According to the Akamai State of the Internet Report, our internet connection speeds are now slower than 50 other nations, including Thailand, Estonia, Bulgaria and Kenya. Here’s the full list of countries with better internet than Australia.
The Akamai State of the Internet Report is a quarterly analysis of internet connection speeds, network availability and IPv6 adoption progress around the world.
At the end of 2015, Australia was ranked 48th in the world. In the last quarter, we were down to 50th. Now, despite our average speeds increasing from 9.6Mbps to 10.1Mbps, we have dropped out of the Top 50 completely.
Here are the top 25 countries for average internet speeds, ranked from fastest to slowest:
1. South Korea: 26.1Mbps
2. Norway: 23.6Mbps
3. Sweden: 22.817.3Mbps
4. Hong Kong: 21.9Mbps
5. Switzerland: 21.23Mbps
6. Denmark: 20.7Mbps
7. Finland 20.6Mbps
8. Singapore: 20.2Mbps
9. Japan: 19.6Mbps
10. Netherlands: 17.6Mbps
11. Latvia: 17.2Mbps
12. Czech Republic: 17.3Mbps
13. United States: 17.2Mbps
14. United Kingdom: 16.3Mbps
15. Romania: 16.1Mbps
16. Belgium: 15.9Mbps
17. Spain: 15.4Mbps
18. Ireland: 15.3Mbps
19. Taiwan: 15.6Mbps
20. Bulgaria: 15.6Mbps
21. Kenya: 15.0Mbps
22. Lithuanian: 14.6Mbps
23. Canada: 14.9Mbps
24. Hungary: 14.3Mbps
25. Germany: 14.6Mbps

51. Australia: 10.1Mbps
On the plus side, Australia is leading the Asia-Pacific region in terms of mobile connectivity – our average mobile connection speed is 13.8Mbps, which is ahead of the Americas’ region leader Canada (10.3Mbps). We are also well above the global average broadband speed of 7Mbps. This is despite having a far larger territory to cover and a lower population density than many countries on the list.
Nevertheless, our overall ranking compared to the rest of the world can only be described as a disappointment. In its original guise, the National Broadband Network promised to make us world leaders when it came to broadband technology. Instead, we’re being bested by most developed Asia-Pacific nations including South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and New Zealand. Our 4Mbps+ broadband adoption rates were also the lowest in the region with a decline in adoption of 1.9 per cent.
With that said, Australia is still in the process of building the NBN. As Akamai notes: “Providing fast, reliable internet to a vast rural population of this scale is a challenge that no other country has to deal with. It’s hard to compare Australia’s speeds to a small and densely populated country like Singapore for example, where a single switch provides hundreds of thousands of people with Internet.”
If the completed NBN rollout gets us anywhere near the region of 25 megabits per second, our rankings will improve accordingly. But for now, 51st place is a pretty poor showing.

Rural Midwest Farm Life in the Early 20th Century

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In the early twentieth century, life on the farm was challenging but families were very self-sufficient. Farmers were able to grow their own food including fruits, vegetables, eggs and meat. Summer produce was canned in order to feed the family during the winter months. To round out their pantries, farm families purchased items they could not supply like flour, sugar and coffee.

Modern conveniences and technology had not yet come to rural America. In the 1920s and 30s homes in a town might have had electricity but many of their counterparts on the farm would not. Kerosene lamps were used to light the home and out buildings at night. There was no air conditioning or central heat. Homes were heated with wood, or coal if the family could afford the expense. Many rural homes did not yet have indoor plumbing. Regardless of the weather, going to the bathroom meant a trip outside to an outhouse. Families had to hand-carry water to the house for cooking and bathing.

This segment from Iowa Public Television’s documentary “The People in the Pictures: Stories from the Wettach Farm Photos” features original photography and first-person accounts of farm life in rural America during the Great Depression and early twentieth century. http://www.iptv.org/iowastories/detail.cfm/wettach

2012: UK Report on Genetically Modified (GM) Food

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Click here ► http://www.foodsafetypolicy.com/videos to find out more

Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise than mutagenesis (mutation breeding) where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. Other techniques by which humans modify food organisms include selective breeding; plant breeding, and animal breeding, and somaclonal variation.

GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Animal products have also been developed, although as of July 2010 none are currently on the market. In 2006 a pig was controversially engineered to produce omega-3 fatty acids through the expression of a roundworm gene. Researchers have also developed a genetically-modified breed of pigs that are able to absorb plant phosphorus more efficiently, and as a consequence the phosphorus content of their manure is reduced by as much as 60%.

Method

Genetic modification involves the insertion or deletion of genes. In the process of cisgenesis, genes are artificially transferred between organisms that could be conventionally bred. In the process of transgenesis, genes from a different species are inserted, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer. In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason. To do this artificially may require transferring genes as part of an attenuated virus genome or physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host using a microsyringe, or as a coating on gold nanoparticles fired from a gene gun. However, other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, and the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells.

Development

The first commercially grown genetically modified whole food crop was a tomato (called FlavrSavr), which was modified to ripen without softening, by Calgene, later a subsidiary of Monsanto. Calgene took the initiative to obtain FDA approval for its release in 1994 without any special labeling, although legally no such approval was required. It was welcomed by consumers who purchased the fruit at a substantial premium over the price of regular tomatoes. However, production problems and competition from a conventionally bred, longer shelf-life variety prevented the product from becoming profitable. A tomato produced using similar technology to the Flavr Savr was used by Zeneca to produce tomato paste which was sold in Europe during the summer of 1996. The labeling and pricing were designed as a marketing experiment, which proved, at the time, that European consumers would accept genetically engineered foods. Currently, there are a number of food species in which a genetically modified version exists
In addition, various genetically engineered micro-organisms are routinely used as sources of enzymes for the manufacture of a variety of processed foods. These include alpha-amylase from bacteria, which converts starch to simple sugars, chymosin from bacteria or fungi that clots milk protein for cheese making, and pectinesterase from fungi which improves fruit juice clarity.

H.A.A.R.P: What is this Dome structure just off the coast from Exmouth Western Australia?.

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Description given on Youtube:
This appears to be a Dome structure which is just off the coast from the ” Harold Holt Navy Base ” location Exmouth Western Australia. It is also well known as a H.A.A.R.P facility.

From the coast to the Dome structure its 1.17 kilometers.
The base length is 3.42 kilometers.
The center wedth is 2.54 kilometers.
From the base to the top of the dome 2.54 kilometers.

Coordinates: 21 48 S , 114 09 E

Google Earth: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html