General – Page 5

Description given on Youtube:
The following footage was taken in March 2014 and identifies the fauna species captured using a range of humane trapping systems as a part of a Conservation and Land Management education course. All animals were returned, unharmed as close as possible to where they were captured. Methods such as spotlighting for nocturnal animals, using Elliot traps and cage traps for small mammals and actively searching for reptiles and amphibians yielded great results. Harp traps were used in an effort to catch and record the measurements, weights and gender of a number of micro bat species also.

The permit number for this fauna study is:10007116.

Special thanks to good mate, Matthew Clancy for providing some of his own photographs for this video. All other photographs, video footage and editing were provided/produced by Ayden Doumtsis.

Description given on Youtube:
What is RURAL INTERNET? What does RURAL INTERNET mean? RURAL INTERNET meaning – RURAL INTERNET definition – RURAL INTERNET explanation.

Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.

Rural Internet is the access to the Internet from rural areas (also referred to as “the country” or “countryside”), which are settled places outside towns and cities. Inhabitants live in villages, hamlets, on farms and in other isolated houses. Mountains and other terrain can impede rural Internet access.

Most rural access to Internet is voiceband by 56k modem, but poor phone lines in many rural areas, many of which installed or last upgraded between the 1930s and the 1960s, may limit actual download speeds to 23-26k or less. Since many of these lines serve relatively few customers, phone company maintenance and speed of repair of these lines has actually degraded and their upgrade for modern quality requirements is unlikely. This results in a digital divide.

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service has provided numerous studies and data on the Internet in rural America. One such article from the Agricultural Outlook magazine, Communications & the Internet in Rural America, summarizes internet uses in rural areas of the United States in 2002. It indicates, “Internet use by rural and urban households has also increased significantly during the 1990s, so significantly that it has one of the fastest rates of adoption for any household service.”

Another area for inclusion of the Internet is American farming. One study reviewed data from 2003 and found that “56 percent of farm operators used the Internet while 31 percent of rural workers used it at their place of work.” In later years challenges to economical rural telecommunications remain. People in inner city areas are closer together, so the access network to connect them is shorter and cheaper to build and maintain, while rural areas require more equipment per customer. However, even with this challenge the demand for services continues to grow.

In 2011 the Federal Communications Commission proposed to use the Universal Service Fund to subsidize rural broadband Internet services.

In Spain, the Guifi.net project has been for some people the only alternative to get access to the Internet. Usually, neighbors are the responsible to collect the necessary money to buy the network equipment that will do a Wireless link with another zone that already has internet access. There have also been cases in which the own city council has invested in the infrastructure.

In the UK, the government is aiming to provide superfast broadband (speeds of 24Mbit/s or more) to 95% of the country by 2017. In 2014, a study by the Oxford Internet Institute found that in areas less than 20 miles from large cities, internet speed dropped below 2Mbit/s, the speed designated as “adequate” by the government.

Frustrated by the slow progress being made by private telecoms companies, some rural communities have built their own broadband networks, such as the B4RN initiative.

Due to poor telecommunication access in most rural areas, low-energy solutions such as those offered by Internet of Things networks are seen as a cost-effective solution well-adapted to agricultural environments. Tasks such as controlling livestock conditions and numbers, the state of crops, and pests are progressively being taken over by m2m communications. Companies such as Sigfox, Cisco Systems and Fujitsu are delving into the agricultural market, offering innovative solutions to common problems in countries such as the U.S., Japan, Ireland and Uruguay.