Lewis Farming Co

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Scholars have developed a number of hypotheses to explain the historical origins of agriculture. The transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies, based on evidence from south west Asia and China, indicates an antecedent period of intensification and increasing sedentism known as the Natufian in south West Asia and the Early Chinese Neolithic in China. Current models indicate that a range of food resources was being used more intensively. Wild stands that had been harvested previously started to be planted. Evidence is also now emerging that the crops grown initially were wild and not domesticated.[4] Crops such as emmer and einkorn wheat do not appear to have become domesticated until well into the Neolithic and ‘ancient cultivated rice’ (Oryza sativa) took 3000 years to become domesticated.

Localised climate change is the favoured explanation for the origins of agriculture in the Levant. The fact that farming was ‘invented’ at least three times elsewhere, suggests that social reasons may have been instrumental. When major climate change took place after the last ice age (c. 11,000 BC), much of the earth became subject to long dry seasons.[5] These conditions favoured annual plants which die off in the long dry season, leaving a dormant seed or tuber. These plants tended to put more energy into producing seeds than into woody growth. An abundance of readily storable wild grains and pulses enabled hunter-gatherers in some areas to form the first settled villages at this time.

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When asked if mining or agriculture is more dangerous, ex-coal miner and now cattle producer Matt Bennetto’s answer is ‘agriculture’.

He says agriculture could learn some valuable lessons about Work Health and Safety (WHS) from the resources sector, having experienced first-hand the mining sector’s strict safety regulations in action.

Matt spent seven years working underground in coal mining and hard rock mining in tunnel construction, before returning full-time to his family’s Charters Towers cattle property, Virginia Park, two years ago.

During his time working underground, Matt was a health and safety representative and an underground operations trainer for a number of years.

Comparing the approach to risk management in mining with agriculture, he believes the agriculture sector is still playing catch up when it comes to workplace health and safety.

“When I went underground coal mining after working in underground hard rock mining, I thought that coal mining would be the most dangerous industry to work in,” Matt said.

“And yet, because the industry mitigates most of the dangers I actually think coal mining ends up a safer environment than the everyday operations on a cattle station.

“Some of the on-farm dangers are short-term, immediate ones like falling off a horse or cutting yourself on barbed wire, while others are long-term risks like the impacts of sun exposure.”

Matt believes if agriculture could draw from the mining industry’s approach to greater task awareness, it could save lives and prevent injuries.

New research exploring what’s stopping primary producers from improving their safety practices has found almost half of all deaths on farms could be prevented, simply by implementing solutions we already know about.

Funded by the Primary Industries Health and Safety Partnership and led by Richard Franklin of James Cook University, the study found the major barriers to implementing improved safety practices included perceived cost, time and inconvenience to implement changes.

The Primary Industries Health and Safety Partnership (PIHSP), funded by the Cotton, Grains and Rural Industries Research and Development Corporations, as well as the Australian Meat Processor Corporation and Meat & Livestock Australia, aims to promote best practise WHS practices and improve the health and safety of workers and their families in farming and fishing industries across Australia.

When it comes to engaging producers in farm safety, Matt believes taking an educational and training approach was more appealing to producers than a bureaucratic approach.

“The mining industry has created all sorts of actions and documentation to create task awareness,” Matt said.

“I think lack of task awareness on-farm happens for a variety of reasons, but primarily two reasons. One is lack of experience in the job or task that people are doing, so they’re not aware of the hazards, and secondly, people become so familiar with a task that they become complacent and stop looking out for hazards.”

Besides running their cattle operation, Matt and his wife Sonia, along with his parents, Rob and Sue, also host agricultural traineeship programs run by Northern Skills Alliance (NSA) on Virginia Park, as well as school groups.

The training blocks cover all facets of agriculture including cattle work, horse riding, motorbike skills, mechanical servicing and welding.

Matt believes there are many small steps producers can take that would ultimately make a big difference to risk management.